2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语( 一 )试题及答案解析(完整版)
2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语( 一 )
试题及答案解析(完整版)
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa
and the Middle East. They were typically 1 outside the walls of a city or village and were usually
funded by governments 2 .
This word “Caravanserais ” is a 3 of the Persian word “caravan ”, which means a group of travelers
or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The term caravan was used to 4 groups of
people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, 5 merchants, travellers
or pilgrims.
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the 6 of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road 7 possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme conditions. For this reason,
Caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they could be reached in a day ’s travel time.
Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. 11 , those structures became important centers for culture 12 and interaction, with travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, 13 talking knowledge with them, greatly 14 the development of
several civilizations.
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 15 in the trade of goods
along the Silk Road. 16 , it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and 17 supplies for their own journeys. It is 18 that around 120.000 to 15.000 caravanserais were built along
the Silk Road, 19 only about 3.000 are known to remain today, many of which are in 20 .
1. [A] displayed [B] occupied [C] located [D] equipped
2. [A] privately [B] regularly [C] respectively [D] permanently
3. [A] definition [B] transition [C] substitution [D] combination
4. [A] classify [B] record [C] describe [D] connect
5. [A] apart from [B] instead of [C] such as [D] along with
6. [A] construction [B] restoration [C] impression [D] evaluation
7. [A] doubted [B] faced [C] accepted [D] reduced
8. [A] assigned [B] subjected [C] accustomed [D] opposed
9. [A] so that [B] even if [C] now that [D] in case
10. [A] talking [B] starting [C] breaking [D] meeting
11. [A] By the way [B] On occasion [C] In comparison [D] As a result
12. [A] heritage [B] revival [C] exchange [D] status
13. [A] with regard to [B] in spite of [C] as well as [D] in line with
14. [A] completing [B] influencing [C] resuming [D] pioneering
15. [A] aided [B] invested [C] failed [D] competed
16. [A] Rather [B] Indeed [C] Otherwise [D] However
17. [A] go in for [B] stand up for [C] close in on [D] stock up on
18. [A] believed [B] predicted [C] recalled [D] implied
19. [A] until [B] because [C] unless [D] although
20. [A] ruins [B] debt [C] fashion [D] series
1. 【答案】[C] located
【解析】语境题 。本题考查 They 和 outside the walls of a city or village(在城市或村庄的城墙外)之间的关系,
其中 They 指代对象为 Caravanserais,根据上句 Caravanserais 的解释,即 roadside inns that were built along
the Silk Road(沿着丝绸之路建造的路边客栈),由此可知,后者是前者的具体位置,C 项 located(位于;坐落在)
符合该语义 ,所以 ,本题答案为 C 项。
干扰项 :其余各项与 were 构成本句谓语,A 项 were displayed(被展示 ,被陈列) ,B 项 were occupied(被占
用)和 D 项 were equipped(被装备) ,均不符合原文语义。
2. 【答案】[A] privately
【解析】逻辑关系题 。or 提示选择关系,提示前后语义相近或相反 ,即 governments 与 2 二者语义相近或相反, 结合 were usually funded by(通常由资助)可知 ,空白处语义表示出资方式 ,而前者 governments(政府) ,表 示公开出资 ,因此空白处或与此相反,或与此相近。A 项 privately(私下地)代入原文表示私下出资,与前者构成语
义相反 ,且符合原文语义 。所以 ,本题答案为 A 项。
干扰项: B 项 regularly(定期地﹐定时地) ,C 项 respectively(各自地﹐依次地)和 D 项 permanently(永久地
﹔长久地)均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。
3. 【答案】[D] combination
【解析】语境题。本题考查空白处前的 This word “caravanserais ”( caravanserais 这个词)和后者的 the Persian word ‘kārv ā n ’ and ‘sar āy ’(波斯词‘kārv ān ’和‘sar āy ’)之间的关系 。观察词形可知 ,前者是后 面二词合成得来的, 因此空白处 a 3 of 应表示“合成 、结合 ”相关语义 。D 项 combination(结合体)符合该
语义 ,所以 ,本题答案为 D 项。
干扰项:A 项 definition(定义), B 项 transition(转变) ,C 项 substitution(代替 ,替换品) ,均不符合原文语
义。
4. 【答案】[C] describe
【解析】语境题。本题考查 The term caravan( caravan 一词)和 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons(出于安全原因一起穿越古代网络的人群)之间的关系 ,而 caravan(与
traveller 语义相近 ,由上句 travelers or a caravan 可知)与后者关系为:前者是后者的描述对象 。因此空白处需表
示“描述 ” ,即 C 项 describe(描述) 。所以 ,本题答案为 C 项。
干扰项 :A 项 classify(分类; 归类), B 项 record(记录), D 项 connect(连接 ;联结)均不符合原文语义。
5. 【答案】[C] such as
【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查空白处前后的逻辑关系,需比较前后语义,即 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,去除修饰成分后为 groups of people(人群), 与后者的 merchants, travellers or pilgrims(商人、旅行者或朝圣者),由此可知:前者为总,后者为分。C 项 such
as(例如)提示总分关系 ,符合原文逻辑关系 ,所以 ,本题答案为 C 项。
干扰项 :A 项 apart from(除 … …之外), B 项 instead of(代替), D 项 along with(与 … …一起)均不符合原
文语义和逻辑关系。
6. 【答案】[A] construction
【解析】语境题。本题考查在某个条件下,商队旅馆所增长的方面,即 as merchant and travel routes become more developed(随着商业和旅游路线的日益发达) , 6 of the caravanserais increased(商队旅馆的 6 也增 多), 比各选项语义 ,即 A 项 construction(建造), B 项 restoration(整修 ;修复) ,C 项 impression(印象) 和 D 项 evaluation(评估,评价) 。其中,A 项最符合原文语义 ,即,商队旅馆的建造也增多 。所以,本题答案为 A
项。
7. 【答案】[B] faced
【解析】语境题。本题考查空白处前后 Travellers(旅行者)与 the possibility(可能性)之间的关系,根据 the possibility of being attacked by thieves(被盗贼袭击的可能性)可知 ,后者的可能性(the possibility)是前者(Travellers ) 可能遭遇的,空白处需表达与“遭遇 、面临 ”相近的语义 。B 项 faced(面临)符合该语义,所以,本题答案为 B 项。
干扰项 :A 项 doubted(怀疑) ,C 项 accepted(接受), D 项 reduced(减少) ,均不符合原文语义。
8. 【答案】[B] subjected
【解析】逻辑关系题和固定搭配题 。or 提示选择关系 ,前后语义相近或相反 ,即 being attacked by thieves(被盗 贼袭击)与 being 8 to extreme conditions( 8 极端条件)二者语义相近或相反 。B 项 subjected 与 be 和 to 构成 be subjected to 表示“遭受 … …(往往后跟某种不愉快的事情) ”符合原文语义和逻辑关系,所以 ,本题
答案为 B 项。
干扰项 :其他各项与 be 和 to 构成不同的搭配 ,A 项 be assigned to 表示(被分配给 … … ),C 项 be accustom
ed to(习惯于 … … )和 D 项 be opposed to(反对 … … )均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。
9. 【答案】[A] so that
【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查空白处前后的逻辑关系,即 caravanserais were strategically placed (商队旅馆被布置在战略位置)和 they could be reached in a day ’s travel time(可以在一天的旅行时间内到达), 根据语义可知 ,前后为因果关系 :后者为前者的目的和结果 。so that 往往跟表示「结果 、目的」的内容 ,符合原文
语义和逻辑关系 ,所以 ,本题答案为 A 项。
干扰项: B 项 even if(即使 ,提示让步关系) ,C 项 now that(既然, 由于 ,提示因果关系 ,后跟原因) ,和 D
项 in case(以防 … … ,提示因果关系 ,后跟原因)均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。
10. 【答案】[D] meeting
【解析】语境题 。根据 Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point 可知 ,本题考查 Caravanserais 的 作用。根据 point 的另一修饰成分 for the various people who travelled the Silk Road(丝绸之路旅行的各种人的), 并比较各选项语义与 point 构成的短语,A 项 talking point(话题,论题),B 项 starting point(起点),C 项 breaking point(崩溃点 ;极点 ;极限)和 D 项 meeting point(集合点 ;交会点)可知, D 项最符合原文 ,所以 ,本题答案
为 D 项。
11. 【答案】[D] As a result
【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间关系,需比较前后语义,即,Caravanserais served as an informal
10 point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road(商队旅馆是丝绸之路旅行的各种人的非正式 10
点)和 those structures became important centers for culture 12 and interaction(这些建筑成为文化 12 和互动的重要中心) ,其中 those structures 指代 Caravanserais ,前者强调商队旅馆的非正式功能 ,后者强调其 对于文化交融的意义, 由此可知 ,二者为因果关系 :后者为前者的结果 。D 项 As a result(因此)提示因果关系中
的「果」 ,符合原文逻辑关系 。所以 ,本题答案为 D 项。
干扰项:A 项 By the way(顺便提一下),B 项 On occasion(有时;偶尔),C 项 In comparison(相比之下),
均不符合原文语义。
12. 【答案】[C] exchange
【解析】逻辑关系题 。and 提示并列关系 ,即 12 与 interaction 二者并列 ,语义相近:空白处语义与 interaction
(互动)相近 。C 项 exchange(交流)符合该语义和逻辑关系 。所以 ,本题答案为 C 项。
干扰项 :A 项 heritage(遗产), B 项 revival(复苏), D 项 status(地位) ,均不符合原文语义。
13. 【答案】[C] as well as
【解析】逻辑关系题。根据 culture 12 and interaction(文化 12 和互动)可知,空白处前的 with travellers sharing …(旅行者分享他们的文化 、思想和信仰)和其后的 taking …(带走知识) 同属文化互动的形式, 因此 ,②
③为并列关系 。C 项 as well as(也 ,和 … …一样)提示并列关系 ,符合原文逻辑关系 。所以 ,本题答案为 C 项。
干扰项 :A 项 with regard to(关于 ,至于), B 项 in spite of(尽管 … … ,提示让步关系), D 项 in line with
(与 … …一致) ,均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。
14. 【答案】[B] influencing
【解析】语境题 。本题考查空白处前的 travellers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, 13 taking
knowledge with them(旅行者分享他们的文化 、思想和信仰, … …带走知识)与空白处后 the development of
several civilisations(多个文明的发展) 的关系 ,即分享 、带走知识和文明发展间的关系 。比较各选项语义 ,A 项 completing(使 … …完整), B 项 influencing(影响 … … ),C 项 resuming(重新开始; ⟨ 中断后⟩ 继续), D
项 pioneering(开创 ;倡导) ,其中, B 项最符合原文语义 ,所以 ,本题答案为 B 项。
15. 【答案】[A] aided
【解析】逻辑关系题 。and 提示并列关系 ,即 were also an important marketplace for commodities(也是重要 的商品市场)和 15 in the trade of goods along the Silk Road( 15 丝绸之路沿线的货物贸易)二者并列, 且语义相近 。前者强调对贸易重要 ,后者也需表达这种重要 。A 项 aided(帮助 ,援助)符合该语义和逻辑关系 ,所
以 ,本题答案为 A 项。
干扰项 :B 项 invested(投资) ,C 项 failed(失败 ,未能做到) ,D 项 competed(参加比赛) ,均不符合原文语
义和逻辑关系。
16. 【答案】[B] Indeed
【解析】逻辑关系题 。观察选项可知 ,本题考查句间关系 ,需比较前后语义, 即 ,Caravanserais were also an
important marketplace for commodities(商队旅馆也是重要的商品市场)和 it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares(它经常是商人出售商品的第一站), 由此可知 :后者的 the first stop for merchants 是对前者 an important marketplace for commodities 的进一步论证和强调, 因此前后为递进关系 。B
项 Indeed(的确 ,用来强调前文陈述)提示递进关系 ,符合原文逻辑关系 ,所以 ,本题答案为 B 项。
干扰项:A 项 Rather(而是 ,常用于纠正别人的观点) ,C 项 Otherwise(否则;不然) ,D 项 However(然而),
均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。
17. 【答案】[D] stock up on
【解析】逻辑关系题+固定搭配题。and 提示并列关系,sell their wares(出售商品)与 17 supplies( 17 物 资)二者并列 ,语义相近 ,而商队旅馆作为市场( marketplace ),人们在此或买或卖 。D 项 stock up on(英文表 示 to buy a lot of things so that you can use it later ,翻译成中文表示“贮备 ,备足” )符合该语境 ,所以 ,本题
答案为 D 项。
干扰项 :A 项 go in for(对某事物有兴趣), B 项 stand up for(支持 ;维护) ,C 项 close in on (⟨ 尤指为了进
攻⟩ 逼近 ,靠近)均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。
18. 【答案】[A] believed
【解析】语境题 。本题考查 around 12.000 to 15.000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road 这一信息的 「来源」,比较各选项语义与 It is 构成的句式,A 项 It is believed that(据称,人们认为),B 项 It is predicted that (据预测 ,据估计) ,C 项 It is recalled that 可译成“据回忆” ,但该表述并不常见, D 项 It is implied that(这就 蕴涵着 … … ),其中 A 项代入原文 ,表示“据信 ,丝绸之路沿线建造了大约 12.000 至 15.000 个商队旅馆 ” ,最
符合原文语义 。所以 ,本题答案为 A 项。
19. 【答案】[D] although
【解析】逻辑关系题 。观察选项可知 ,本题考查句间关系 ,需比较前后语义, 即 ,around 12.000 to 15.000
caravanserais were built along the Silk Road(丝绸之路沿线建造了大约 12.000 至 15.000 个商队旅馆)和 only about 3.000 are known to remain today(如今已知仅存约 3.000 个) ,由此可知 ,前者强调建造数量之多, 后者强调留存数量之少 ,二者语义相反 。D 项 although(尽管)提示让步关系 ,属于语义相反 ,符合原文逻辑关系。
所以 ,本题答案为 D 项。
干扰项:A 项 until(到 … … 时 ;直到 … …为止), B 项 because(因为, 由于) ,C 项 unless(除非) ,均不符合
原文语义。
20. 【答案】[A] ruins
【解析】固定搭配题 。本题考查 many of which 的状态 ,此处 which 指代前文中留存下来的这约 3000 个商队旅馆 的建筑 。比较各选项语义,A 项 in ruins(毁坏;严重受损;破败不堪),B 项 in debt(负债),C 项 in fashion(流 行) ,D 项 in series(〔电器的〕串联) ,其中 A 项最符合对现存商队旅馆建筑状态的描述 ,符合原文语义 ,所以,
本题答案为 A 项。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught
in Texas schools.
Pat Hardy, who sympathises with views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These could emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate
change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy ’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of
scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion. ” says Dan Quinn, senior communications
strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education, “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of
partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship. ”
Such debates reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers,
policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of
climate change in schools.
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and
teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science
classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of
the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a
disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.
Glenn Branch, the centre ’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one
limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is
considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught ” , he says.
Another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages –such as earth and space sciences in high schools –it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children
and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in
many social studies courses. Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and
textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more
slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian
think-tanks and energy industry associations.
21. In Paragraph 1. the weather in Texas is mentioned to .
[A] forecast a policy shift in Texas schools
[B] stress the consequences of climate change
[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
[D] draw the public ’s attention to energy shortages
22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?
[A] She exaggerates the existing panic.
[B] She denies the value of scientific work.
[C] She shows no concern for pre-teens.
[D] She expresses self-contradictory views.
23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 indicates that .
[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools
[B] policy makers have little drive for science education
[C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks
[D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision
24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US .
[A] call for regular revision
[B] require urgent application
[C] have limited influence
[D] cater to local needs
25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools .
[A] agree to major public demands
[B] reflects teachers' personal bias
[C] may misrepresent the energy sector
[D] can be swayed by external forces
Text 1
21.【答案】[C] indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 the weather in Texas 可以定位到第一段①句 。①句前半部分指出 ,The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat(得克萨斯州的天气从最近的极端炎热中凉爽 了下来) ,而后半句则指出, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting(但是 州教育委员会会议的氛围将会非常热烈) ... in Texas schools 。结合本句内容 ,第一段提及得克萨斯州的天气 ,是
为了与下文会议的气氛进行对比 ,C 项 indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting(表明委员会会议的氛围)
符合该句作用 ,所以本题选 C。
22.【答案】[B] She denies the value of scientific work.
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 Quinn 和 Hardy 分别定位到第三段②句和第二段①句 。定位到两句 ,优先 使用后一句解题,因此先看第三段②句。第三段②句指出,They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion(他们随意否定科学家们的事业成果 ,将其仅仅看作是又一个错误的
观点) 。B 项 She denies the value of scientific work.(她否认科学成果的价值)符合本句藐视 ,所以本题选 B。
23.【答案】[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools
【解析】本题为细节题 。题型判断方面 ,本题易被判断为例证题 ;需注意 ,本题题干不符合例证题的被动句式 be
mentioned to indicate(被提及是为了表明),而仅仅是 the study mentioned indicates(被提及了的研究表明), 简化句子结构仅保留主干成分 ,可以发现题干核心为“研究表明 ”,不符合例证题题干结构 ,故为细节题 。根据题干 关键词 study 和 Paragraph 5 定位到第五段第①句 。①句指出... looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher( ... 研究全国各州的公立小学在科学课中对气候变化的强调情况 ,给了美国将将一半的州 B+及以上的评分), 四个选项
与本句未能形成对应 。细节题中 ,定位句不解题 ,优先看下一句是否解题 ,②句继而指出 Among the 10 worst
performers were some of the most populous states ...(在十个表现最差的州中 ,有几个是人口最多的州) 。结 合①②两句理解 ,美国各州仅有一半在研究中获得 B+或更高分数 ,而表现最差州又包含一些人口最多的州 ,这意为 着有更多的美国学生没有接受足够的气候变化教育 。A 项 climate education is insufficient at state public schools
(各州公立学校对于气候变化的教育不足)是对①②句的合理推断 。所以本题选 A。
24.【答案】[C] have limited influence
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 Branch 、state-level science standards 定位到第六段①句 ,该句指出: setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark(设置各州层面的科学课程标准只是一个有
限的基准) 。C 项 have limited influence(影响有限)是对 only one limited benchmark 的同义替换 。所以本题选
C。
25.【答案】[D] can be swayed by external forces
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 last paragraph 和 climate change 定位到第七段①②句。①句指出 it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught(它没有在 低龄儿童的课程中体现 ,也没有在开设量更高的科目中体现 ,其中 it 指代 climate change ,下同) 。②句承接①句 指出 It is also less prominent in many social studies courses(它在许多社会科学课程中也并不显眼) 。四个选
项与①②句内容并未形成对应 。定位句不解题 ,优先考虑下一句是否解题 ,继续看③句 。③句指出 unofficial
educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers(传达更多存 在偏见的观点的非官方教学资料正在被发放给教师) 。非官方教学资料并非公立教育体系制作 ,由此可知 ,D 项 can
be swayed by external forces(可能受外部力量动摇)是对③句的合理推断 。所以本题选 D。
Text 2
Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there ’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and
buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.
In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear
unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state
Legislature recently voted against a bill that would ’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation
restricting short-term rentals.
“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing, ’’ said Nick Taylor, executive director of the
Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New
Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time finding a place to live, ’’ Taylor said.
However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local
Association of Realtors. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is
serviced by those people coming in short term, ’’ Castle said, “and so it ’s a cyclical effect. ’’
Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an expert on affordable
housing policy. “ I think the question is, shouldn ’t a developer who ’s really building a hotel, but disguising
it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel? ’’ Horn said.
At the end of 2018. Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential
investor-buyers. The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry
insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even
further, requiring renters to register with the city ’s Inspectional Services Department.
Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but “ If we want to
make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more. ’’
26. Which of the following is true of New England?
[A] Its housing supply is at a very low level.
[B] Its communities are in need of funding.
[C] Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly
[D] Its home prices are under strict control.
27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to .
[A] curb short-term rental speculation.
[B] ensure the supply of cheap housing.
[C] punish illegal dealings in housing.
[D] allow a free short-term rental market.
28. Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support .
[A] further investment in local tourism.
[B] an increase in affordable housing.
[C] strict management of real estate agents.
[D] a favorable policy for short-term workers.
29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?
[A] The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
[B] The efficient operation of the local housing market.
[C] The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes
[D] The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is .
[A] an irrational decision.
[B] an unfeasible proposal.
[C] an unnecessary measure.
[D] an inadequate solution.
26.【答案】[A] Its housing supply is at a very low level.
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 New England 定位到第一段,由②句 with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there ’s an increased urgency in such regulation(随着创历史记录的高房价和历史 最低库存的现状 ,这种监管的紧迫性正在增加)可知 ,房子供应量处于历史最低水平 。A 项 Its housing supply is at
a very low level(它的住房供应处于一个非常低的水平)是原文的同义替换 ,所以本题选 A。
27.【答案】[D] allow a free short-term rental market.
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 bill 定位到第二段②句:The state Legislature recently voted against a bill
that would ’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals(州立法机构最近 投票否决了一项法案,该法案将使城镇制定限制短期租房的立法成为非法),也就是说该法案旨在使短期租房合法化。
D 项 allow a free short-term rental market(允许自由的短租市场)符合题意 ,所以本题选 D。
28.【答案】[B] an increase in affordable housing.
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 Taylor 定位到第三段 ,根据②句 Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, employers are having a hard time finding a place to live(由于新罕布什尔州
南部城镇没有足够的经济适用房 ,所以雇主们很难找到住处)可知 ,Taylor 更希望有更多的经济适用房 。B 项 an
increase in affordable housing(经济适用房的增加)符合 Taylor 的观点 ,所以本题选 B。
29.【答案】[C] The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 Horn 和 Paragraph 5 定位到第五段 ,根据②句: I think the question is, shouldn ’t a developer who ’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?(我认为问题是 ,那些实际上在建造酒店 ,但是伪装成不是酒店的开发商们难道不应该 像酒店一样被对待、征税和监管吗? )可知,Horn 强调应该阻止这些开发商们逃税、逃避管理等。C 项 The necessity
to stop developers from evading taxes(阻止开发商逃税的必要性)是对原文的同义替换 ,所以本题选 C。
30.【答案】[D] an inadequate solution.
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 registration requirements 定位到第七段,即 Horn said similar registration
requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns, but if we want to make a change in the housing
market, the main one is we have to build a lot more(Horn 说类似的注册要求可能会使陷入困境的城镇获益 ,但 是如果我们想改变房地产市场 ,主要的是我们须要建造更多的房子), 由此可知, Horn 认为注册要求的确是一个解 决方法 ,但是这远远不够 。D 项 an inadequate solution( 一个不充分的解决方案)符合 Horn 的观点 ,所以本题选
D。
Text 3
If you ’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones,the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex ’s new children ’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around
a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James
Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently
involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.
The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit
limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level ”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that
Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as
tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to the ir relevant sections ”.
PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are
currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any
limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with
our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately.
Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong. The sales for our May Books
of the Month surpassed any month since 2018. ”
In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it ’s
those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff ’s passion for promoting books by
lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.
It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger
between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster - the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is
published.
“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. Literary agencies are
getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon, ”says Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many
of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers. ”
We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to
take on all-comers.
31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present .
[A] an ongoing conflict
[B] an intellectual concept
[C] a prevailing sentiment
[D] a literary phenomenon
32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to the ir relevant section?
[A] to make them easily noticeable
[B] to comply with PRH ’s requirement
[C] to respond to PRH ’s business move
[D] to arrange them in a systematic way
33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?
[A] Their customer remain loyal.
[B] The credit limit will be removed.
[C] Their stock is underestimated.
[D] The book market is rather slack.
34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?
[A] Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
[B] Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.
[C] Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author ’s book.
[D] Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie ’s view?
[A] Small publishers ought to stick together.
[B] Big publishers will lose their dominance.
[C] The publishing industry is having a hard time.
[D] The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
31.【答案】[A] an ongoing conflict
【解析】本题为例证题 。根据题干关键词 two books 和 Paragraph 1 定位到第一段①句 ,该句提出了寻找这两本书
可能会比较难找的现象 。②句紧接着说明原因 Both of these books are published next week by Penguin
Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones(这两本书都将于下周由企鹅 兰登书屋出版 ,该公司目前正与水石书店陷入对峙的僵局) 。A 项 ongoing conflict(正在发生的矛盾)是对②句
involved in a stand-off 的同义替换 。所以本题选 A。
32.【答案】[C] to respond to PRH ’s business move
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 retire PRH books to the ir relevant section 定位到第二段末句也即②句。 该句所论述的 Waterstones 的操作对于 PRH 而言 ,必然是负面的 。再看①句, PRH 首先对 Waterstones 引入了
水平惊人的信用额度限制 ,可见 Waterstones 的操作就是对 PRH 的反击 。所以本题选 C。
33.【答案】[A] Their customers remain loyal.
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 the spokesperson for Waterstones 定位到第三段①句,浏览整段,发现 该段都是此人的发言。由第④⑤句 Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong.
The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018(当然 ,我们的商店非常繁忙,
图书销售也非常好 。自 2018 年以来,我们 5 月份最佳图书的销量超过了任何一个月)可知,该店的客户量依然很大, 可推知其客户忠诚度也高 。A 项 Their customers remain loyal(他们的客户仍然很忠诚)是对④⑤句的合理推断。
所以本题选 A。
34.【答案】[A] Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 the current dispute 定位到第四段②句 。该句指出 Big-name … , but it ’s
those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff ’s passion for promoting books by
lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute(但那些通常依靠 Waterstones 员工(这 些员工会推销不太知名作家的书)的热情的中游作家们 ,将会祈祷这场争端的结束) ,该句 but 转折引出重点 ,并用
了强调句型 ,说明 mid-list writers 将会面临很大的打击 。A 项 Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off
considerably(中游作家的书籍销量大幅下滑)是对该句的合理推断 ,所以本题选 A。
35.【答案】[D] The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 Lownie ’s view 定位到第六段首句。Lownie 指出,This is all part of a wider
change towards concentration of power and cartels(这些正是权力和企业联盟更加集中的大变化中的一部分),
说明行业内的企业在不断的兼并融合 ,形成更庞大的企业 。紧接着指出 The publishing industry talks about
diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices(出版业从作者和工作人员的角度谈论多样性 ,但它也需要多种方式来传递知识联系 、 知识选择和不同的声音) ,也即 ,当下的这种兼并融合趋势不利于多样化多渠道地传递知识 ,发出不同的声音 。所以 这一趋势堪忧 。D 项 The merger of publishers is a worrying trend(出版商的兼并是一个令人担忧的趋势)是对
这部分内容的概括 。所以本题选 D。
Text 4
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30.000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title ’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their
institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the
citations attracted by these papers.
Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed
for a long time. In 2016. researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,
including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each
other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, another expression of this
predatory behavior has emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other
editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of
citations to their articles.
The advent of electronic publishing and authors ’ need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands
of new journals. The birth of predatory journals wasn ’t far behind. These journals can act as milk cows
where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. In some instances,
there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations. The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all— it is just providing citations to other journals. Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than 150 citations in the same year that it
was published.
How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor,
and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five
scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, a citation database, which includes a
high number of the new “ international ” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be
targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. Red flags include a large number of
citations to an article within the first year. And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities:
when an editor, a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references, do not oblige
and do report the request to the journal.
36. According to Paragraph l, the careers of scientists can be determined by .
[A] how many citations their works contain
[B] how many times their papers are cited
[C] the prestige of the people they work with
[D] the status they have in scientific circles
37. The support service consultancies tend to .
[A] recommend journals to their clients
[B] list citation patterns for their clients
[C] ask authors to include extra citations
[D] advise contributors to cite each other
38. The function of the “milk cow ” journals is to .
[A] boost citation counts for certain authors
[B] help scholars publish articles at low cost
[C] instruct first-time contributors in citation
[D] increase the readership of new journals
39. What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraphs?
[A] It fosters competition among citation providers.
[B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.
[C] It hinders the growth of “ international ” journals.
[D]It is established to prevent citation manipulation.
40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
[A] Take legal action
[B] Demand an apology
[C] Seek professional advice
[D] Reveal their misconduct
36.【答案】[B] how many times their papers are cited
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 the careers of scientists 定位到第一段④句,其中 can be determined by
对应 depend on 。B 项 how many times their papers are cited(他们的论文被引用了多少次)是对③句中 the
citations attracted by these papers(这些论文所吸引的引用) 的同义转换 。所以本题选 B。
37.【答案】[C] ask authors to include extra citations
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 support service consultancies 定位到第二段③句 ,该句指出 :support service consultancies …advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles(支持服务咨询公司 们 … …建议投稿人在他们的文章中添加一些引用) ,对应 C 项 ask authors to include extra citations(要求作者添
加额外的引用) ,所以本题选 C。
38.【答案】[A] boost citation counts for certain authors
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干关键词 milk cows定位到第三段③句:These journals can act as milk cows where
every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers(这些期刊可以充当奶牛 ,一期 中的每篇文章都可能引用特定论文或一系列论文),由此可知,奶牛期刊的功能即为提升特定作者所作论文的引用量, A 项 boost citation counts for certain authors(提升某些作者(论文) 的被引用频次)是对③句内容的正确理解。
所以本题选 A。
39.【答案】[B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citations
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 Scopus定位到第四段③④句和第五段①句,无法实现精准定位 ,因此需结 合选项排除解题 。A 项 It fosters competition among citation providers(它促进了引文提供商之间的竞争)是对 第四段②句中 citation providers 境况的臆断,文中并未提及引文提供商之间的竞争关系 。B 项 It has the capability
to identify suspicious citations(它具有识别可疑引文的能力)是对第五段①句 has all the data necessary to
detect this malpractice(拥有检测此不当行为所需的所有数据) 的正确概括 ,其中 suspicious citations 对应
malpractice 。C 项 It hinders the growth of “ international ” journals.(它阻碍了“ 国际 ”期刊的发展)与第四
段③句中作者对于 the new “ international ” journals 的描述不符 。D 项 It is established to prevent citation
manipulation(它的建立是为了阻止引文操纵行为)为无中生有 ,文中并未提及其建立目的 。所以本题选 B。
40.【答案】[D] Reveal their misconduct
【解析】本题为细节题 。根据题干关键词 author 和 deal with citation manipulators 定位至第五段③句 ,其中 wish
to steer clear of citation cartel activities(希望避开引文卡特尔活动)对应 should …do to deal with citation
manipulators(应当做 … … 以应对引文操纵者) 。D 项 Reveal their misconduct(揭露他们的不当行为)对应该句 中 do not oblige and do report the request to the journal(不要听他们的, 同时向期刊举报这种请求) 。所以本
题选 D。
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45. you are required to reorganize
these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-H and filling them into the numbered
boxes. Paragraphs A, E and H have been correctly placed. Make your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
[A] Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned
landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks
such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies, on a late 19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ferdinand V. Hayden. The team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an
agricultural statistician.
[B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S.
settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the
magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.
[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition ’s
stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran ’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs,
really hit home that this is something that has to be protected, ” says Murphy.
[D] Through the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion process ” that
required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting
images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and
involved heavy, awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite these
challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his
now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.
[E] The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8. 1871. Over nearly four months, dozens of men
made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around
Yellowstone Lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.
[F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area ’s riches, most Americans did not. That ’s why Hayden ’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to
the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer
William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the
world.
[G] The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick
succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That March,
President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world ’s first national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson ’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “ I don ’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images. ” says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100Years ofthe National Park
Service.
[H] Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence of the park ’s sights that later
made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team ’s
observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with
colleagues at government agencies like the Department of Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be
preserved.
A |
41.【答案】[B] Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to
many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid
photographs.
【解析】本题需要结合 A 项的首句选出首段。首段首句不能有指代或者其他明显的逻辑关系,且如出现人名应为首次 出现的全名形式,可排除 CDEGH。剩余 BF 两项中,A 项首句含有时间线索词 last year照应 B 项首句 Two centuries
ago ,且该句中 photographs 与 B 项末句 photographs 重复 。故本题答案为 B 项。
42.【答案】[F] Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area ’
s riches, most Americans did not. That ’s why Hayden ’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller
understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and
photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and
sharing it with the world.
【解析】本题需要结合 A 项末句和 E 项首句选出答案 。A 项末句提及探险队成员组成 The team included …; E 项 首句阐述探险旅程起始位置 The journey officially began … 。可以推测该段应当起到说明探险旅程客观情况的作用,
且观察可知 F 项末句 In addition to … , the team also include …是对 A 项末句的补充 ,故本题答案为 F 项。
43.【答案】[D] Through the trip, Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the “collodion
process ” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom. The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation. Despite
these challenges, Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his
now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.
【解析】本题需要结合 E 项首句和 H 项首句选出答案 。E 项以 The journey 开始 ,且全段围绕 journey 的起止位置
作出说明 ,D 项首句出现 Through the trip 照应 E 项 The Journey ,同时该项末句 striking photos 对应 H 项 most
importantly, the images … ,故本题答案为 D 项。
44.【答案】[C] As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the
expedition ’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran ’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those
photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected, ” says Murphy.
【解析】本题需要结合 H 项中心和末句推测下文, 同时从剩余选项中选出与 H 项衔接最紧密的段落 。H 项所在段落 旨在说明探险所摄图像的政治影响 ,末句阐述 Hayden 所做的事情 ,句式为: Hayden collected … 。比较 C 项和 G 项 ,C 项首句主语同为 Hayden ,且连续两句与 H 项句式相似: Hayden sensed …; Hayden asked … ,此外末句 has to be protected 照应 H 项末句 Yellowstone ought to be preserved;G 项与 H 项无明显衔接标志 。故本题答
案为 C 项。
45.【答案】[G] The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In
quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early 1872. That
March, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world ’s first
national park. While some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted—and
Jackson ’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. “ I don ’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images. ” says Heather Hansen, journalist
and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bison and Bears: 100Years ofthe National
Park Service.
【解析】本题需要根据逻辑关系判断段落先后关系。根据事情发展的顺序可以判断,先发生 C 项中的 asked Jackson to print out …and distributed … , … , to each member of Congress(让 Jackson 打印 … …, … …分发给每位国会 议员) ,才能导致 G 项首句所述结果 :The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large
majorities in favor(该议案在很大程度上很受欢迎,并以绝大多数人赞成通过国会),可以判断 G 项应在 C 项之后。
故本题答案为 G 项。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation
should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
There has been some exploration around the use of Al in digital marketing. For example, Al can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to‘speak ’specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data. (46) Al can
also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite celebrities,
music choices and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.
At the same time Al can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites. Al can also
provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and
identifying their rapidly changing needs.
The main disadvantage of using Alto respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting
personal interactions to machines, which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal
connections, but also to a decrease in marketing personnel. (47) Some believe that Al is negatively
impacting on the marketer ’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a
way of reducing costs and creating new information. By allowing AI to develop content some brand
marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative. (48) Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what
the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
For Alto be successful, data needs to be accessible, but the use of personal data is becoming more
regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult. (49) If customers are not willing to
share data, Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore, unless customers are
prepared to sign release agreements, the use of Al may become somewhat restricted in the future. Not
only can Al help to create the marketing content, but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers. Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged, such
as location, devices used, website interactions, and sites visited, to display marketing messages
inappropriate forms, including emails, social media posts, pop-up advertisements, and banners at an
appropriate frequency. (50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is
sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
Understanding humans may be complicated, but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to
us through our browsing history.
46. Al can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favourite
celebrities, music choices and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through
social media.
【译文】人工智能还可以用于识别客户生活方式的选择(0.5 分) ,包括他们的业余爱好 、最喜欢的名人 、选择的音
乐以及时尚(0.5 分) ,从而在社交媒体上发布的营销信息中提供独特内容(1 分) 。
【重难点】of customers 和 regarding … and fashions 均为介词短语作后置定语,修饰名词词组 lifestyle choices,
of customers 在翻译时放在所修饰名词词组前译出 ,译为“客户生活方式的选择 ” ,但由于 regarding … and
fashions 较长 ,可顺译在其后 ,译为“包括 … … ”;to provide … through social media 是 to do 不定式短语作目 的状语 ,翻译时遵循整体顺译原则 ,其中 in marketing messages 是介词短语作状语 ,修饰 provide ,翻译时需提
至所修饰动词前译出, put out through social media 是 v.-ed 短语作后置定语 ,修饰名词词组 marketing
messages ,翻译时放在所修饰名词词组前译出 ,故 to do 不定式短语整体译为“从而在社交媒体上发布的营销信息
中提供独特内容”。
47. Some believe that Al is negatively impacting on the marketer ’s role by reducing creativity and
removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.
【译文】一些人认为 ,人工智能会通过降低创造力和减少工作机会的方式对营销人员的角色产生消极影响(1 分) ;
但是 ,他们也意识到 ,人工智能也是降低成本 、创造新信息的方式(1 分) 。
【重难点】本句是由 but 连接的并列句 ,分句 1 中 that Al … and removing jobs 是宾语从句 ,顺译即可 ,其中 on
the marketer ’s role 和 by reducing creativity and removing jobs 均为介词短语作方式状语 ,修饰谓语 is
impacting ,翻译时可放谓语前译出 ,整体译为 “通过降低创造力和减少工作机会的方式对营销人员的角色产生消极 影响 ”;分句 2 中,that it is … new information 是宾语从句,it 指代 AI,翻译时遵循整体顺译原则,但其中 of reducing costs and creating new information 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰 way,翻译时放所修饰名词前,译为 “ 降低成本、
创造新信息的方式 ”。
48. Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,
especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.
【译文】用来模拟人际互动的算法正在引发许多这样的担忧(1 分) ,尤其是在没有人确切知道使用人工智能与客户
互动的结果会是什么的情况下(1 分) 。
【重难点】that are used to simulate human interactions 是定语从句 ,修饰 algorithms, 由于从句较短 ,翻译时 可放所修饰名词前 ,译为 “用来模拟人际互动的(算法) ” ;as no-one … will be 是 as 引导的时间状语从句 ,修 饰主句 ,顺译即可 ,其中 what the outcomes … will be 是宾语从句 ,从句是疑问句 ,在翻译时可还原为陈述句语 序,即 the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be what,of using AI to interact with customers 是介词短语作后置定语 ,修饰 outcomes ,翻译时放所修饰名词前 ,宾语从句整体翻译为 “使用人工智能与客户互动
的结果会是什么”。
49. If customers are not willing to share data, Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able
to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
【译文】如果客户不愿意共享数据(0.5 分) ,人工智能就得不到所需的必要信息(0.5 分) ,也就无法有效运行或
使用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播(1 分) 。
【重难点】If customers are not willing to share data 是条件状语从句 ,修饰主句 ,顺译即可; be starved of sth. 表示“某人/某物缺乏所需要的某物 ” ;to improve its marketing content and communication 是 to do 不定式短
语作目的状语 ,修饰 employ ,顺译即可。
50. The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the
target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
【译文】以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地发送营销信息(1 分)是数字营销人员面临的重要挑战之一(1
分) 。
【重难点】in a way … target customer 是介词短语作方式状语 ,修饰 delivery, 因此 delivery 在翻译时需要转换 词性 ,从名词转为动词 ,方式状语在翻译时可提至所修饰词前 ,其中 that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer 是定语从句 ,修饰 way, 由于从句较短 ,翻译时可放所修饰名词前 ,of the target customer 是介词短语
作后置定语 ,修饰 needs ,翻译时可放所修饰名词前 ,定语从句整体可译为“一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式 ”;
non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages 整体可动词化为 deliver the marketing messages
non-intrusively ,译为“非侵入式地发送营销信息 ” ;to the digital marketer 是介词短语作作状语 ,表对象 ,可译
为“对数字营销人员来说是重要挑战 ” ,或译为“数字营销人员面临的重要挑战”。
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith ’s research project on campus sports activities. Specify
the duties and requirements of the job.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “ Li Ming ” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【审题】
应用文类型 | notice |
内容要点 | recruit a student for Prof. Smith ’s research project on campus sports activities 、Specify the duties and requirements of the job |
署名 | Li Ming |
【参考范文】
Notice
December 20. 2022 This notice is released on behalf of Professor Smith to recruit a student to work for his research project on
campus sports activities.
The relevant details are as follows. For one thing, the main duties of this job include assisting the professor
in carrying out surveys among students, collecting relevant data, and completing research reports. For
another, the applicants are requested to have good communication skills and can work well under pressure.
Besides, those who have relevant experience of being a research assistant are preferred.
If you are interested or would like to know more about it, do not hesitate to contact us by email:
introduction@126.com.
Li Ming
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below . In your essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret the implied meaning, and
3) give your comments.
Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
【审题】
图画类型 | 图画说明 | 寓意 |
一幅图 | 整体描述 :一些年轻人正在举行龙舟比赛, 吸引了很多观众。 细节描述:一位老奶奶高兴地对她的丈夫说: “真好啊, 咱们村的龙舟比赛越来越热闹 了 ”。 | 继承和发展传统文化很 重要 |
【参考范文】
What comes into view is that in the picture, some young people are having a dragon boat race which
attracts a lot of spectators. If we take a closer look, it can be found that an elderly woman said to her
spouse happily, “ It is wonderful that there are more and more people participating in the dragon boat race held in our village! ” Obviously, the above picture has shown an implication that it is important to inherit and
develop traditional culture.
What the cartoonist has conveyed in the picture can be clearly and accurately summarized as the following:
the phenomenon will make a huge difference to our lives. The supporting point is that inheriting and
carrying forward traditional Chinese culture is conducive to China ’s Socialist cultural construction in the new period. Besides, it is not rare to find that excellent traditional culture is a distinctive symbol of a city, and the inheritance and development of excellent traditional culture is of special significance to boosting
the city ’s economic development, tourism and cultural exchanges and improving its comprehensive
competitiveness.
According to the above analysis, it is imperative for us to take steps. Of all the measures, it is people ’s
action that matters the most. Only in this way can we make our life more colorful and vigorous.
PS :答案由中公英语研究院团队制作 ;试卷及答案仅供参考。
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